Three-Day Intensive Course on
Digital Image and Multimedia Compression:
Fundamentals and International Standards
Wednesday, September 13 - Friday, September 15, 1995
For more information, please see
our WWW homepage
Seats are very limited, early registration is encouraged!
About the Course:
Digital cameras and Photo CD digital negatives, digital television broadcast
and movies stored on CDROM that can be played back on reasonably priced
multimedia PCs, are already a reality. Due to the huge amounts of data
associated with digital images and video, their efficient storage and
transmission poses a challenging problem. Consequently, image and video
compression plays an enabling role for almost all consumer, commercial and
scientific applications.
Digital image and video compression is a current focus of both research
and international standardization. The recently developed standards such
as JPEG, JBIG, H.261, MPEG-1, and MPEG-2 reflect the state of the art
algorithms and are important in facilitating interoperability among various
imaging systems as well as wide-spread, cost-effective deployment of the
technology.
This course provides the audience with the necessary foundation: the
principles of information theory, motion estimation, and motion compensated
preprocessing. A detailed discussion of compression algorithms for both
still images and video is presented on the basis of this foundation, enabling
a solid understanding of the state of the art, standards and future directions.
Upon completion of the course, the students will be equipped with the necessary
background in information theory, motion estimation and compensation, and a
solid understanding of the basic principles and standards of digital image
and video compression.
Presenters:
Majid Rabbani and M. Ibrahim Sezan
Image Processing Laboratory
Eastman Kodak Company
Organizers:
Fu Li and Rolf Schaumann
Portland State University
With Cooperation by
Oregon Center for Advanced Technology Education
The course starts with a broad set of product and application examples that
establish the need for image compression in various digital imaging systems.
This is followed by a brief description of the existing and emerging
standards in the field of digital image and video compression and their
scopes and functionalities. Next, the three main components of compression
schemes, namely, transformation or decomposition, quantization, and symbol
modeling and encoding are presented. The topic of symbol encoding is next
studied in greater detail. In particular, the concept of a Markov source
model and its entropy are presented, and the various coding strategies such
as Huffman coding, arithmetic coding, and LZW coding are studied and their
relative merits and shortcomings are compared. The first day is concluded
with a detailed study of lossless image compression schemes which include bit-
plane encoding, lossless DPCM used in the JPEG lossless standard, and the
Rice algorithm. Finally, a description of the current ITU-T (formerly CCITT)
facsimile standards and the emerging JBIG standard is provided.
The second day contains a detailed description of lossy compression
techniques for still-images which also form the basis for video compression
schemes such as MPEG and H.261. First a brief description of various
quantization strategies such as the uniform scalar quantizer, the Lloyd-Max
nonuniform scalar quantizer, the entropy-constrained scalar quantizer, vector
quantization (VQ), and the emerging technique of trellis-coded quantization
(TCQ) is provided and their relative performances are compared. This is
followed by an analysis of transform image coding schemes with a particular
emphasis on the discrete cosine transform (DCT). The baseline, extended, and
enhanced modes of the JPEG international standard for the compression of
continuous-tone still color images are studied in detail. This is followed by
a study of wavelet and subband coding schemes and their performance merits
compared to DCT. The basic notions of fractal image compression are also
reviewed. Finally, progressive image transmission techniques and various
strategies for constructing image hierarchies are discussed. Topics include
the S-transform, Knowlton's technique, the Laplacian pyramid and the Kodak
Photo-CD image pyramid. This concludes the second day.
The third day is devoted to video compression. Interframe motion information
is a fundamental component of video compression since it facilitates the
utilization of temporal redundancies that naturally exist in video sequences.
Further, it plays an important role in designing efficient pre-compression
algorithms, such as noise filtering. Noise suppression via pre-filtering
greatly increases the efficiency of subsequent compression and is often one
of the differentiating factors used in evaluating a complete compression
system. We develop a unifying framework for fundamentals of motion
estimation and present an overview of motion estimation algorithms within
this framework. Next, we discuss motion-adaptive algorithms for preprocessing
of video. Following a brief overview of different approaches to filtering of
image sequences, we describe two recently developed spatiotemporal filters
for motion-adaptive noise suppression. We next provide a detailed discussion
of both the fundamental and working principles of MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 video
compression standards. We also present a brief overview of H.261 standard
and point out its similarities and differences with MPEG-1. An overview of
available silicon, software, and hardware implementations of the standards
is also furnished. A summary of emerging MPEG-4 activities, aimed at
developing compression standards that are amenable to content-based access
and manipulation of audiovisual information, is followed by an overview of
standardization efforts for digital standard television and high-definition
television (HDTV) in US.
Bulletized Course Outline
Introduction
Product examples
Statistical redundancy and perceptual irrelevancy
Lossless vs. lossy compression
Standards: JPEG, MPEG, H.261, etc.
Compression basics: transformation, quantization, symbol coding
Symbol Encoding
Markov modeling and entropy
Huffman coding
Arithmetic coding
LZW coding
Lossless Compression Techniques
Bit-plane coding
DPCM
Rice algorithm
Facsimile standards (ITU-T Group III and IV, JBIG)
Quantization Strategies
Uniform scalar
Nonuniform scalar (Lloyd-Max)
Entropy-constrained
Vector quantization (VQ)
Trellis-coded quantization (TCQ)
Lossy Compression Schemes
Predictive coding (DPCM)
Discrete cosine Transform (JPEG Baseline, extended, and enhanced modes)
Wavelet and subband coding
Fractals
Image Hierarchies and Progressive Transmission
Variable-amplitude hierarchies (bit-plane encoding, etc.)
Variable-resolution hierarchies (Knowlton's technique, S-transform, etc.)
Photo-CD compression
Introduction to Video Compression
Motivation for video compression
Interframe and Intraframe approaches to video compression
Motion estimation
Fundamental principles of motion estimation
Overview of algorithms (block matching, hierarchical block matching, etc.)
Noise Suppression
Motion-detection based approaches
Motion-compensated approaches
Adaptive, motion-compensated spatiotemporal filters
Scratch detection and removal
Video Compression Standards
The MPEG-1 Standard
Summary of the H.261 Standard
The MPEG-2 Standard
The future: MPEG-4 activities
Examples of silicon, hardware board and software implementations
Overview of Advanced Television
Advanced TV and HDTV
Brief history of HDTV standardization in US
Outline of The Grand Alliance System
Instructors' bios:
Majid Rabbani received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical
engineering from the University of Wisconsin in Madison in 1980 and
1983, respectively. He joined the Eastman Kodak Research Laboratories in
1983, where he is currently a research associate and the head of the
image compression Technology Area within the Imaging Science Division.
He is also involved in many educational activities among which are
teaching graduate courses at the RIT (Rochester Institute of Technology)
EE department, satellite courses for NTU (National Technological
University), and short courses for MIT, RIT and various technical
Societies.
Dr. Rabbani is the recipient of the 1988 Kodak C. E. K. Mees
Award and the co-recipient of the 1990 Emmy Engineering Award (for
image compression research) in recognition of the
Still-Video Tranceiver System. He directed the efforts of the Los Alamos
team in charge of the digital enhancement of the Rodney King beating
video tape and subsequently testified as an expert witness for the case
in 1993. His current research interests span the various aspects of
digital signal and image processing where he has published over 40
technical articles and holds 10 patents. From 1990-1994 he was the
Editor of the Journal of Electronic Imaging. He is a Fellow of SPIE, and
a senior member of IEEE. He is the coauthor of the book Digital Image
Compression Techniques published by SPIE Press in 1991 and the editor
of the SPIE Milestone Series on Image Coding and Compression ,
published in 1992.
M. Ibrahim Sezan received the B.S degrees in Electrical Engineering and
Mathematics from Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey in 1980, with the
highest honors. He received the M.S degree in Physics from Stevens Institute
of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, and the M.S and Ph.D degrees in
Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute, Troy, New York in 1982, 1983 and 1984, respectively. Since 1984,
he is with Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York. Presently,
he leads the Motion and Video Technology Area in the Imaging Research and
Advanced Development Laboratories. He also holds an adjunct faculty position
at the Electrical Engineering Department at the University of Rochester.
Dr. Sezan was the co-recipient of the A. B. Du Mont award at Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute in 1984. During 1988-1992, he served as an Associate
Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. From 1992 to 1994 he
was an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Image Processing. He
contributed to the books Image Recovery: Theory and Application
(Academic Press, 1987), Mathematics in Signal Processing (Oxford
1987), Handbook of Signal Processing (Marcell Dekker, 1988),
Digital Image Restoration (Springer Verlag, 1991), Real-Time
Optical Information Processing (Academic Press, 1994) and edited
Selected Papers in Digital Image Restoration (SPIE Milestone Series,
1992). He is the co-editor of the book Motion Analysis and Image
Sequence Processing (Kluwer, 1993). His research interests include
video analysis, processing and compression, image restoration and
enhancement, and digital image and video libraries. Dr. Sezan is an active
participant in the MPEG standards; he actively publishes and teaches in the
area of image and video processing.
Registration Information
Dates: Wednesday, September 13 - Friday, September 15, 1995
Times: Regular sessions will begin at 8:30 AM and end at 5:00 PM.
Refreshments will be served at 8:00 AM daily and at breaks. Lunch
periods are from 12:00 to 1:30.
Location: Classes will be held at Portland State University
(PSU), located in downtown Portland. Detailed information will be
sent to registrants.
Fees:
Early Registration: $895. Registration form and payment
must be postmarked BY August 17.
Late Registration: $995. Registration form and payment
postmarked AFTER August 17.
All registration materials must be received BY August 31. Fees
include lecture, course materials, refreshments and a Certificate of
Completion.
A 15% discount will be granted when 6 or more people from the same
company register for the course.
Refund: A full refund will be given for cancellations received by phone at
PSU, (503) 725-3806, prior to August 31. No refund will be made for
a cancellation notice received after August 31, or for
non-attendance. A substitute may attend in place of the registered
participant.
Accomodations: For reservations made before 8/27/95, special rates for par
ticipants are arranged with:
Airlines-Carlson Travel :(800) 624-4865
\ \ 5% Airline Discount (Credit Card Only)
\ \ Ask for Renee
Days Inn City Center :(800) 899-0248
\ \ $59 Single, $64 Double, $69 Double-Double
Red Lion, Portland Center :(503) 221-0450
\ \ $95 Single, $110. Double
Mention Digital Imaging when making reservations. Both hotels are a
pleasant 10 minute walk to PSU. Buses and MAX trains in the downtown
area are free, so it should not be necessary to rent a car. Other
nearby hotels:
The Benson: (503) 228-2000
Heathman Hotel: (503) 241-4100
Hilton Hotel: (503) 226-1611
Mallory Hotel: (503) 223-6311
Marriott Hotel: (503) 226-7600
Excursions: Spousal/Companion activities will be arranged depending on
interest.
WORKSHOP REGISTRATION
Digital Image and Multimedia Compression:
Fundamentals and International Standards
September 13 - 15, 1995
Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
Name:
Company:
Address:
City/State/Zip:
Email address: Work Phone:
Payment Options:
$895 if postmarked BY August 17, 1995
$760 per person for six or more registrations from one company
$995 if postmarked AFTER August 17, 1995
$845 per person for six or more registrations from one company
Enclosed is a check made payable to
Portland State University - E.E. Dept.
Please charge the registration fee to my credit card:
Visa MC
Account # Exp. Date
Signature:
I would like to receive information on the Spousal/Companion activities.
MAIL OR FAX FORM to:
Portland State University
Department of Electrical Engineering
Digital Image and Multimedia Compression
P.O. Box 751
Portland, OR 97207-0751
FAX: (503)725-3807
Phone: (503)725-3806
Email: laura@ee.pdx.edu
All registration materials must be received by August 31, 1995
For more information, please see
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