Three-Day Intensive Course on Digital Image and Multimedia Compression: Fundamentals and International Standards Wednesday, September 13 - Friday, September 15, 1995 For more information, please see our WWW homepage Seats are very limited, early registration is encouraged! About the Course: Digital cameras and Photo CD digital negatives, digital television broadcast and movies stored on CDROM that can be played back on reasonably priced multimedia PCs, are already a reality. Due to the huge amounts of data associated with digital images and video, their efficient storage and transmission poses a challenging problem. Consequently, image and video compression plays an enabling role for almost all consumer, commercial and scientific applications. Digital image and video compression is a current focus of both research and international standardization. The recently developed standards such as JPEG, JBIG, H.261, MPEG-1, and MPEG-2 reflect the state of the art algorithms and are important in facilitating interoperability among various imaging systems as well as wide-spread, cost-effective deployment of the technology. This course provides the audience with the necessary foundation: the principles of information theory, motion estimation, and motion compensated preprocessing. A detailed discussion of compression algorithms for both still images and video is presented on the basis of this foundation, enabling a solid understanding of the state of the art, standards and future directions. Upon completion of the course, the students will be equipped with the necessary background in information theory, motion estimation and compensation, and a solid understanding of the basic principles and standards of digital image and video compression. Presenters: Majid Rabbani and M. Ibrahim Sezan Image Processing Laboratory Eastman Kodak Company Organizers: Fu Li and Rolf Schaumann Portland State University With Cooperation by Oregon Center for Advanced Technology Education The course starts with a broad set of product and application examples that establish the need for image compression in various digital imaging systems. This is followed by a brief description of the existing and emerging standards in the field of digital image and video compression and their scopes and functionalities. Next, the three main components of compression schemes, namely, transformation or decomposition, quantization, and symbol modeling and encoding are presented. The topic of symbol encoding is next studied in greater detail. In particular, the concept of a Markov source model and its entropy are presented, and the various coding strategies such as Huffman coding, arithmetic coding, and LZW coding are studied and their relative merits and shortcomings are compared. The first day is concluded with a detailed study of lossless image compression schemes which include bit- plane encoding, lossless DPCM used in the JPEG lossless standard, and the Rice algorithm. Finally, a description of the current ITU-T (formerly CCITT) facsimile standards and the emerging JBIG standard is provided. The second day contains a detailed description of lossy compression techniques for still-images which also form the basis for video compression schemes such as MPEG and H.261. First a brief description of various quantization strategies such as the uniform scalar quantizer, the Lloyd-Max nonuniform scalar quantizer, the entropy-constrained scalar quantizer, vector quantization (VQ), and the emerging technique of trellis-coded quantization (TCQ) is provided and their relative performances are compared. This is followed by an analysis of transform image coding schemes with a particular emphasis on the discrete cosine transform (DCT). The baseline, extended, and enhanced modes of the JPEG international standard for the compression of continuous-tone still color images are studied in detail. This is followed by a study of wavelet and subband coding schemes and their performance merits compared to DCT. The basic notions of fractal image compression are also reviewed. Finally, progressive image transmission techniques and various strategies for constructing image hierarchies are discussed. Topics include the S-transform, Knowlton's technique, the Laplacian pyramid and the Kodak Photo-CD image pyramid. This concludes the second day. The third day is devoted to video compression. Interframe motion information is a fundamental component of video compression since it facilitates the utilization of temporal redundancies that naturally exist in video sequences. Further, it plays an important role in designing efficient pre-compression algorithms, such as noise filtering. Noise suppression via pre-filtering greatly increases the efficiency of subsequent compression and is often one of the differentiating factors used in evaluating a complete compression system. We develop a unifying framework for fundamentals of motion estimation and present an overview of motion estimation algorithms within this framework. Next, we discuss motion-adaptive algorithms for preprocessing of video. Following a brief overview of different approaches to filtering of image sequences, we describe two recently developed spatiotemporal filters for motion-adaptive noise suppression. We next provide a detailed discussion of both the fundamental and working principles of MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 video compression standards. We also present a brief overview of H.261 standard and point out its similarities and differences with MPEG-1. An overview of available silicon, software, and hardware implementations of the standards is also furnished. A summary of emerging MPEG-4 activities, aimed at developing compression standards that are amenable to content-based access and manipulation of audiovisual information, is followed by an overview of standardization efforts for digital standard television and high-definition television (HDTV) in US. Bulletized Course Outline Introduction Product examples Statistical redundancy and perceptual irrelevancy Lossless vs. lossy compression Standards: JPEG, MPEG, H.261, etc. Compression basics: transformation, quantization, symbol coding Symbol Encoding Markov modeling and entropy Huffman coding Arithmetic coding LZW coding Lossless Compression Techniques Bit-plane coding DPCM Rice algorithm Facsimile standards (ITU-T Group III and IV, JBIG) Quantization Strategies Uniform scalar Nonuniform scalar (Lloyd-Max) Entropy-constrained Vector quantization (VQ) Trellis-coded quantization (TCQ) Lossy Compression Schemes Predictive coding (DPCM) Discrete cosine Transform (JPEG Baseline, extended, and enhanced modes) Wavelet and subband coding Fractals Image Hierarchies and Progressive Transmission Variable-amplitude hierarchies (bit-plane encoding, etc.) Variable-resolution hierarchies (Knowlton's technique, S-transform, etc.) Photo-CD compression Introduction to Video Compression Motivation for video compression Interframe and Intraframe approaches to video compression Motion estimation Fundamental principles of motion estimation Overview of algorithms (block matching, hierarchical block matching, etc.) Noise Suppression Motion-detection based approaches Motion-compensated approaches Adaptive, motion-compensated spatiotemporal filters Scratch detection and removal Video Compression Standards The MPEG-1 Standard Summary of the H.261 Standard The MPEG-2 Standard The future: MPEG-4 activities Examples of silicon, hardware board and software implementations Overview of Advanced Television Advanced TV and HDTV Brief history of HDTV standardization in US Outline of The Grand Alliance System Instructors' bios: Majid Rabbani received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Wisconsin in Madison in 1980 and 1983, respectively. He joined the Eastman Kodak Research Laboratories in 1983, where he is currently a research associate and the head of the image compression Technology Area within the Imaging Science Division. He is also involved in many educational activities among which are teaching graduate courses at the RIT (Rochester Institute of Technology) EE department, satellite courses for NTU (National Technological University), and short courses for MIT, RIT and various technical Societies. Dr. Rabbani is the recipient of the 1988 Kodak C. E. K. Mees Award and the co-recipient of the 1990 Emmy Engineering Award (for image compression research) in recognition of the Still-Video Tranceiver System. He directed the efforts of the Los Alamos team in charge of the digital enhancement of the Rodney King beating video tape and subsequently testified as an expert witness for the case in 1993. His current research interests span the various aspects of digital signal and image processing where he has published over 40 technical articles and holds 10 patents. From 1990-1994 he was the Editor of the Journal of Electronic Imaging. He is a Fellow of SPIE, and a senior member of IEEE. He is the coauthor of the book Digital Image Compression Techniques published by SPIE Press in 1991 and the editor of the SPIE Milestone Series on Image Coding and Compression , published in 1992. M. Ibrahim Sezan received the B.S degrees in Electrical Engineering and Mathematics from Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey in 1980, with the highest honors. He received the M.S degree in Physics from Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, and the M.S and Ph.D degrees in Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York in 1982, 1983 and 1984, respectively. Since 1984, he is with Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York. Presently, he leads the Motion and Video Technology Area in the Imaging Research and Advanced Development Laboratories. He also holds an adjunct faculty position at the Electrical Engineering Department at the University of Rochester. Dr. Sezan was the co-recipient of the A. B. Du Mont award at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1984. During 1988-1992, he served as an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. From 1992 to 1994 he was an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Image Processing. He contributed to the books Image Recovery: Theory and Application (Academic Press, 1987), Mathematics in Signal Processing (Oxford 1987), Handbook of Signal Processing (Marcell Dekker, 1988), Digital Image Restoration (Springer Verlag, 1991), Real-Time Optical Information Processing (Academic Press, 1994) and edited Selected Papers in Digital Image Restoration (SPIE Milestone Series, 1992). He is the co-editor of the book Motion Analysis and Image Sequence Processing (Kluwer, 1993). His research interests include video analysis, processing and compression, image restoration and enhancement, and digital image and video libraries. Dr. Sezan is an active participant in the MPEG standards; he actively publishes and teaches in the area of image and video processing. Registration Information Dates: Wednesday, September 13 - Friday, September 15, 1995 Times: Regular sessions will begin at 8:30 AM and end at 5:00 PM. Refreshments will be served at 8:00 AM daily and at breaks. Lunch periods are from 12:00 to 1:30. Location: Classes will be held at Portland State University (PSU), located in downtown Portland. Detailed information will be sent to registrants. Fees: Early Registration: $895. Registration form and payment must be postmarked BY August 17. Late Registration: $995. Registration form and payment postmarked AFTER August 17. All registration materials must be received BY August 31. Fees include lecture, course materials, refreshments and a Certificate of Completion. A 15% discount will be granted when 6 or more people from the same company register for the course. Refund: A full refund will be given for cancellations received by phone at PSU, (503) 725-3806, prior to August 31. No refund will be made for a cancellation notice received after August 31, or for non-attendance. A substitute may attend in place of the registered participant. Accomodations: For reservations made before 8/27/95, special rates for par ticipants are arranged with: Airlines-Carlson Travel :(800) 624-4865 \ \ 5% Airline Discount (Credit Card Only) \ \ Ask for Renee Days Inn City Center :(800) 899-0248 \ \ $59 Single, $64 Double, $69 Double-Double Red Lion, Portland Center :(503) 221-0450 \ \ $95 Single, $110. Double Mention Digital Imaging when making reservations. Both hotels are a pleasant 10 minute walk to PSU. Buses and MAX trains in the downtown area are free, so it should not be necessary to rent a car. Other nearby hotels: The Benson: (503) 228-2000 Heathman Hotel: (503) 241-4100 Hilton Hotel: (503) 226-1611 Mallory Hotel: (503) 223-6311 Marriott Hotel: (503) 226-7600 Excursions: Spousal/Companion activities will be arranged depending on interest. WORKSHOP REGISTRATION Digital Image and Multimedia Compression: Fundamentals and International Standards September 13 - 15, 1995 Portland State University, Portland, Oregon Name: Company: Address: City/State/Zip: Email address: Work Phone: Payment Options: $895 if postmarked BY August 17, 1995 $760 per person for six or more registrations from one company $995 if postmarked AFTER August 17, 1995 $845 per person for six or more registrations from one company Enclosed is a check made payable to Portland State University - E.E. Dept. Please charge the registration fee to my credit card: Visa MC Account # Exp. Date Signature: I would like to receive information on the Spousal/Companion activities. MAIL OR FAX FORM to: Portland State University Department of Electrical Engineering Digital Image and Multimedia Compression P.O. Box 751 Portland, OR 97207-0751 FAX: (503)725-3807 Phone: (503)725-3806 Email: laura@ee.pdx.edu All registration materials must be received by August 31, 1995 For more information, please see WWW homepageWWW homepage