Image and Video Compression:
Fundamentals, Applications, and Standards
A 4-Day Intensive Course
For more information, please see our WWW homepage at
http://www.ee.pdx.edu/short_courses/image_compression/
Seats are very limited, early registration is encouraged!
About the course
Recent years have witnessed a surge in the need for storage and
transmission of digital images and video. Digital cameras and
scanners have proliferated the use of digital images in various
consumer and commercial applications. Digital broadcast systems
and digital video on CD-ROM, which can be played back by affordable
multimedia-enabled PC's, have made digital video part of everyday
life. Despite the increases in storage and transmission capacities,
efficient storage and transmission of images and video is still the
foremost challenge. Thus, image and video compression plays a key
enabling role for almost all consumer, commercial, and scientific
applications.
Digital image and video compression is a current focus of research
and international standardization. Recent standards such as JPEG,
JBIG, H.261, H.263, MPEG-1 and MPEG-2, and the emerging standards
such as MPEG-4, reflect the state-of-the-art algorithms, and are
important in facilitating interoperability among various imaging
systems and wide-spread, cost-effective deployment of the technology.
Emerging technologies such as wavelets have shown promise in
replacing some of the current standards as they might provide more
functionality than is available from today's standards.
The course provides a detailed description of the fundamentals,
a working knowledge of the various image and video compression
standards, and a technical description of the emerging technologies.
Upon completion of the course, students will be equipped with the
background in information theory that will help them understand the
performance limitations of various compression solutions. Further,
they will gain a solid understanding of the basic principles and
standards of digital image and video compression in such a way as
to optimize their use for a particular application. Finally, they
will gain a technical understanding of the emerging technologies,
such as wavelets and fractals, that will enable them to assess
their value in serving niche markets not addressed by the current
standards, as well as their impact on the development of future
standards.
The course starts on the first day with a broad set of product and
application examples that establish the need for compression. This
is followed by a brief description of the existing and emerging
image and video compression standardization activities, their scope
and their functionalities. Next, the three main components of
compression systems, representation, quantization, and symbol
modeling and encoding are discussed. The topic of symbol modeling
and encoding is studied in detail where fundamental concepts, such
as Markov models, entropy, and Shannon's noiseless coding theorem,
are discussed. A working knowledge of various encoding strategies,
such as Huffman coding, arithmetic coding, LZW coding, and Rice coding,
is presented and their relative merits and shortcomings are compared.
Finally, lossless encoding algorithms, such as the current and emerging
JPEG lossless standard and bit plane/JBIG coding, are explained.
The second day focuses on lossy image compression and the JPEG standard.
It also builds the foundation for video compression schemes such as the
MPEG and the H.26x family of standards. First, a brief review of various
quantization strategies, such as scalar, vector, and trellis-coded
quantization, is provided and their performance merits are compared.
This is followed by a detailed description of transform coding with
particular emphasis on the discrete cosine transform (DCT), the
fundamental building block of all image and video compression standards.
Next, the JPEG international standard for the compression of
continuous-tone color still images is studied and its baseline,
extended, and enhanced modes of operation are described in detail.
Various issues regarding the implementation of JPEG in practical systems,
such as the design of Q tables, the effect of multiple coding and software
and hardware speed, are discussed. Numerous image examples supplement the
technical descriptions.
The third day deals with emerging technologies and video compression.
Wavelet and sub-band encoding schemes and their performance merits
relative to DCT are studied both analytically and by subjective
evaluation of many image examples. The basics of fractal image
compression are reviewed. Video compression, and the major components
of a video compression system,
pre-processing, encoding, decoding, and post-processing, are
discussed. Fundamental principles of motion estimation and an
overview of widely used motion estimation algorithms, such as block
matching and hierarchical block matching, are presented. Motion
estimation utilizes the temporal redundancies in video sequences to
increase compression efficiency. It also facilitates the development of
multi-frame pre- and post-processing algorithms that are more powerful
than their single-frame counterparts. Principles and algorithms of
motion-compensated noise suppression and defect removal are
presented as examples of pre-processing. Pre-processing is often among
the differentiating factors used in evaluation of an entire video
compression system due to its significant impact on the resulting
compression efficiency. Video format standards conversion is an
important post-processing step, especially in multimedia applications
where the decoded video may have to be displayed by a system adhering to
a different video format standard. Techniques for
interlace-to-progressive scan conversion and frame rate conversion are
discussed and the importance of motion information in standards
conversion is demonstrated. Finally, a detailed discussion of the
fundamentals and the working principles of the MPEG1 video compression
standard is provided.
The final day is devoted to MPEG2, MPEG4, H.261 and H.263 standards.
The MPEG2 video compression standard is presented with emphasis on its
differences from MPEG1. Its applications in digital
video disk (DVD) and Advanced TV (ATV) standardization are also
discussed. An overview of the emerging MPEG4 standard is presented which
targets new application areas with increased interactivity and
extendibility. The second half of this day is devoted to video
conferencing standards beginning with H.261 which targets ISDN at data
rates of multiples of 64 k-bits/sec. The newly developed standard, H.263,
incorporates several recent innovations over H.261 and targets data
rates less than 64 k-bits/sec. It has demonstrated acceptable quality
over PST-N networks using 28.8 k-bit/sec modems and promises to bring
video conferencing to the mass consumer market. Details of H.261 and
H.263 will be presented, followed by demonstrations of video quality
using simulations and product demos.
Instructors:
Majid Rabbani, Eastman Kodak Company
M. Ibrahim Sezan, Sharp Laboratories of America
Thomas Gardos, Intel Corporation
Organizers:
Fu Li
Rolf Schaumann
Portland State University
Course Outline
Introduction
-- Need for compression (application and product examples.)
-- Statistical redundancy and perceptual irrelevancy, examples
-- Compression building blocks transformation, quantization,
symbol modeling and encoding
-- Brief overview of lossless and lossy compression standards
Symbol Modeling and Encoding
-- Markov modeling and entropy
-- Huffman coding
-- Arithmetic coding
-- Rice coding
-- LZW coding
Lossless Compression Techniques
-- Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM)
-- Bit plane encoding and JBIG
-- Current and emerging JPEG lossless standards
Quantization Strategies
-- Uniform scalar
-- Nonuniform MM-SE scalar (Lloyd-Max)
-- Entropy constrained quantization (ECQ)
-- Vector quantization (VQ)
-- Trellis-coded quantization (TCQ)
The JPEG International Standard" 2n
-- Discrete cosine transform (DCT)
-- Baseline JPEG
-- Extended JPEG features
-- Enhancements to JPEG (adaptive quantization for fixed-rate JPEG, etc.)
-- JPEG implementation issues (fast DCT's, effect of multiple coding,
design of quantization tables, etc.)
Emerging Technologies
-- Wavelets (analysis and synthesis filter design, quantization and coding
strategies, comparisons to JPEG, etc.)
-- Fractals (Jacquin's technique, weighted finite automata (WFA))
Motion Estimation
-- Overview of widely used algorithms (block matching, hierarchical block
matching)
Pre-and Post-Processing
-- Motion-compensated noise filtering as pre-processing
-- Video format conversion: interlace to proscan and frame rate conversion.
Video Compression Standards
-- The MPEG1 standard
-- The MPEG2 standard (including discussions on rate control, bit-stream
syntax and utilization in Digital Video Disk and Advanced TV
standardization).
-- The H.261 and H.263 standards.
Examples of silicon and board-
level implementations of standards.
-- Actual product demonstrations
About the Instructors
MAJID RABBANI - received his Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from
the UW-Madison in 1983. He is currently a Research Associate and the
head of the image compression and video processing group in the Imaging
Science Division of Eastman Kodak Research Laboratories. He is also
involved in many educational activities among which are teaching
graduate courses at Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), satellite
courses for NTU (National Technological University), and short course
for SPIE, IS&T, SID, and other technical Societies.
He is the recipient of the 1988 C. E. K. Mees Award (Kodak's highest
award for for excellence in research) and the co-recipient of the 1990
Emmy Engineering Award in recognition of the Kodak Still-Video
Transceiver System. He represents Kodak at the International JPEG
and MPEG organizations. Dr. Rabbani has testified as an expert witness
for the digital processing of images and video in several court cases,
including the digital enhancement of the Rodney King beating videotape
in 1993.
His current research interests span the various aspects of digital
signal and image processing where he has published over 40 technical
articles and holds 11 patents. He is a fellow of SPIE and a senior
member of IEEE. He also was the general Symposium Chair for the 1996
SPIE/IS&T co-sponsored Electronic Imaging Symposium in San Jose. He is
the coauthor of the book ``Digital Image Compression Techniques''
published in 1991, the editor of the SPIE Milestone Series on "Image
Coding and Compression", published in 1992.
IBRAHIM SEZAN - received his Ph.D degree in Electrical, Computer and
Systems Engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1984. He is
currently the Senior Manager of Digital Video Processing at Sharp
Laboratories of America, Camas, Washington. He also holds an adjunct
Associate Professor position at the Electrical Engineering Department at
the University of Rochester. From 1984 to 1996, he worked at Eastman
Kodak Company, Rochester, New York, where he headed the Motion and Video
Technology Area in the Imaging Research and Advanced Development
Laboratories from 1992 to 1996.
Dr. Sezan was the co-recipient of the A. B. Du Mont award at Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute in 1984. During 1988-1992, he served as an
Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. From 1992
to 1994, he was an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Image
Processing. He contributed to the books Image Recovery: Theory and
Application (Academic Press, 1987), Mathematics in Signal Processing
(Oxford, 1987), Handbook of Signal Processing (Marcell Dekker, 1988),
Digital Image Restoration (Springer Verlag, 1991), Real-Time Optical
Information Processing (Academic Press, 1994), and edited Selected
Papers in Digital Image Restoration (SPIE Milestone Series, 1992). He is
the co-editor of the book Motion Analysis and Image Sequence Processing,
published by Kluwer in 1993. His current research interests include
video modeling, analysis and processing, and their applications to video
compression and digital video databases. Dr. Sezan is a
participant in the MPEG standards; he actively publishes and teaches in
the area of image and video processing.
THOMAS GARDOS - received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from
the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia in 1993.
He is currently senior engineer in the Intel Architecture Labs of
Intel Corporation where he is technical lead on development of
standards-based and propriety video compression algorithms for
video conferencing applications. He represents Intel at the ITU
H.263 standards group and is principal representative to ISO's
MPEG4 group. He chairs the audio/video compression
subcommittee of the Intel Research Council which is the formal
channel of interaction to academia at Intel.
He also is an adjunct instructor at Portland State University and
Oregon State University where he teaches courses on digital image
and video processing. He has served as Image Processing conference
and session chairs at the SPIE Electronic Imaging Symposia in San
Jose. He won the Best Student Paper award at SPIE's 1992 Visual
Communications Conference and was awarded an NSF Fellowship in the
1991 Japan Summer Institute. His current interests are in image and
video compression as well as multidimensional signal processing where
he has authored numerous articles and patent applications.
Registration Information
Dates: Monday, August 5 - Thursday, August 8, 1996
Times: Regular sessions will begin at 8:30 AM and end at 5:00 PM.
Refreshments will be served at 8:00 AM daily and at breaks. Lunch
periods will be from 12:00 to 1:30.
Location: Classes will be held at Portland State University,
(PSU), located in downtown Portland. Detailed information will be
sent to registrants.
For further information:
Phone: (503) 725-3806 or 1-800-547-8887 ext. 3806
Email: laura@ee.pdx.edu
WWW: http://www.ee.pdx.edu/short.course/image_compression/
Early Registration: $1195. Registration form and payment must be
postmarked JULY 10, 1996\fR.
Late Registration: $1295. Registration form and payment postmarked
AFTER JULY 10, 1996.
All registration materials must be received JULY 25, 1996. Fees include
lecture, course materials, refreshments and a Certificate of Completion.
A 15% discount will be granted when 6 or more people from the
same company location register for the course.
Refund: A full refund will be given for cancelations
received at PSU by mail, phone, or e.mail, prior to July 25, 1996.
NO REFUND will be made for a cancelation notice received after July
25, 1996, or for no attendance. A substitute may attend in place of
the registered participant.
Accommodations: For reservations made by July 15, 1996,
special rates for participants have been arranged with:
Airline-Carlson Travel: 1-800-634-2306, 5% Airline discount
(Credit Cards Only). Ask for Catherine.
Days Inn City Center: 1-800-899-0248, $64 single and double occupancy
Red Lion Inn, Portland Center: (503) 221-0450, $105 single, $120 double
Mention Video and Image Compression when making reservations. Both
hotels are a pleasant 10 minute walk to PSU. Buses and MAX trains
in the downtown area are free, so it should not be necessary to rent
a car. Other nearby hotels:
The Benson:(503)228-2000
Heathman Hotel:(503)241-4100
Hilton Hotel:(503)226-1611
Mallory Hotel:(503)223-6311
Marriott Hotel:(503)226-7600
Excursions: Spousal/Companion activities will be arranged
depending on interest.
Intensive Course Registration
Image and Video Compression: Fundamentals, Applications, and Standards
August 5 - 8, 1996
Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
_____________________________________________
Name
_____________________________________________
Company
_____________________________________________
Address
_____________________________________________
City/State/Zip
_____________________________________________
Work Phone Email address
Payment Options:
$1195 if postmarked BY July 10, 1996
$1015 per person for six or more registrations from one company location.
$1295 if postmarked AFTER July 10, 1996
$1100 per person for six or more registrations from one company location.
Enclosed is a check made payable to Portland State
University - Electrical Engineering Department
Please charge the registration fee to my credit card:
Visa __________ MasterCard __________
____________________________________________
Account Number, Expiration Date
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Signature
I would like to receive information on the Spousal/Companion activities.
MAIL OR FAX FORM TO:
Portland State University
Department of Electrical Engineering
Image and Video Compression
P.O. Box 751
Portland, OR 97207-0751
Phone: (503) 725-3806 Fax: (503) 725-3807
Email: laura@ee.pdx.edu
All registration materials must be received by July 25, 1996
For more information, please see our WWW homepage at
http://www.ee.pdx.edu/short_courses/image_compression/
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